Watch the video ACREX - 2013 on YouTube
I was in the ACREX-2013 exhibition held at Bombay Exhibition Center on 7th,8th & 9th in Mumbai. Watch the video above to get a feel.
Harsh Bardhan is an HVAC R & D professional. Skilled in Marketing Communications, IoT, Eurovent, AHRI, AMCA & UL certifications. The best selection of compressor, optimum design of heat exchangers and proper selection of throttling devices with Mollier balancing can make an energy efficient machine.It is my sincere effort to bring to you the best design technology available in the world today !!
Thermodynamic Design Formulae | ||
Sr. No. | EQUATION | FORMULAE |
1 | F = m a | Newton's law of motion |
2 | P = F / A | Pressure |
3 | ρ = m / V | Density |
4 | W = F d | Work |
5 | PE = m g H | Potential energy |
6 | KE = ½ m V2 |
Kinetic energy |
7 | Q = m Cp( t2 - t1 ) |
Sensible heat |
8 | Q = m ( h2 - h1 ) |
Total heat |
9 | W - Q = dE | 1st law of thermodynamics |
10 |
Cpa =
1.005 kJ/kgK
|
Heat capacity of dry air |
11 |
Cpw =
4.193 kJ/kgK
|
Heat capacity of water |
12 |
Cpv =
1.884 kJ/kgK
|
Heat capacity of water vapor |
Heat Transfer Formulae | ||
13 | Q = - k A dt/dx | Conduction |
14 | Q = hc A ( ts - tf ) |
Convection |
15 | Q=σ A Fε FA (t1⁴-t2⁴) | Radiation |
16 | Re = ρ V Dh / µ |
Reynolds number |
17 | Pr = µ Cp / k |
Prandtl number |
18 | Nu = hc D / k |
Nusselt number |
19 | Nu = 0.023 Re0.8 Pr0.4 |
Dittus-Boelter |
Moist Air Phase Formulae | ||
20 | P = Pa + Pv |
Dalton's Law of partial pressure |
21 | Pv = R T | Perfect gas law |
22 | Ra = 0.287 kJ/kgK |
Gas constant of dry air |
23 | Rv = 0.4615 kJ/kgK |
Gas constant of water vapor |
24 | W = 0.622 Pv / (P - Pv) |
Humidity |
25 | Pv =
P / [1+0.622/W] |
Vapor pressure from humidity |
26 | r = (1+W) / v | True density of moist air |
27 | Ps =
0.6105 exp [ 17.27 t / (237.3+t) ] |
Magnus saturation pressure |
28 | t = 237.3 / [17.27 / Ψ -
1] where Ψ = ln (Ps / 0.6105) |
Dew point temperature using the Magnus equation |
29 | f = Pv
/ Ps |
Relative humidity |
30 | Pv = Psw - 1.8( P- Psw )( db - wb )/( 2800 - 1.3 wb ) |
Carrier vapor pressure |
31 | H = 1.005 db + W [ 2500.6 + 1.85 db - 0.023 wb] | Enthalpy |
32 | hfg = 2501.9 - 2.4189 t |
Latent heat of water vapor |
Air Psychometric Formulae | ||
33 | ma =
ρ Qa |
Mass flow of dry air |
34 | Qs = ma Cpm ( t2 - t1 ) |
Sensible duty |
35 | Cpm = 1.023 kJ/kgK |
at typical air-conditioning conditions |
36 | Qt = ma (h2 - h1 ) |
Total duty |
37 | SHR = Qs / Qt |
Sensible heat ratio |
38 | b = ( db0 - adp ) / ( dbi - adp ) |
Bypass factor |
39 | Qs = h A (db - wb) |
Sensible heat at wet wick |
40 | Ql = hd A (Ws,w - W) hfg,w |
Latent heat at wet wick |
41 | hd = hc / Cpm |
Mass transfer coefficient |
Room Heat Formulae | ||
42 | Q = Uo Ao ( to - ti ) |
Heat conduction through a wall |
43 | r = ro
+ Σ t/K + ri |
Wall resistance |
44 | Qsg = SHGF SC
A CLF |
Solar heat gain |
45 | Q = U A CLTD | Cooling load temperature difference method |
Cold Room Formulae | ||
46 | Qpulldown = m C dT |
Pull down load |
47 | Qlatent
= m ∆W λ |
Latent load |
48 | Qrespiration
= m R |
Heat of respiration |
Solar Angle Formulae | ||
49 | d = 23.45 sin ( 360 (284+n) / 365) | Solar Declination |
50 | LST = CT + (Lstd - Lloc)/15 + E + DT |
Local Solar Time |
51 | E = 0.165 sin 2B - 0.126 c os B - 0.025 sin B | Equation of Time |
52 | B = 360 (n- 81) / 364 | Parameter in E |
53 | h = 15 (LST - 12) | Hour angle |
54 | sin β = cos l c osh cos d + sin l sin d | Altitude angle |
55 | cos φ = (cos d sin l cos h - sin d cos l) / cos β | Solar Azimuth |
56 | cos θ = cos β cos λ sin Σ + sin β cos Σ | Angle to surface normal |
Solar Radiation Formulae | ||
57 | IDN =
A e -B / sin β |
Direct Normal Solar Flux |
58 | IdH = C IDN |
Diffuse Horizontal Solar Flux |
59 | ID = IDN cos θ |
Direct Solar Flux on Surface |
Coil Calculation Formulae | ||
60 | dQ = hd dA ( ha - hi ) |
Heat flow on the c oil air side |
61 | dQ = hr
dAi ( ti - tr ) |
Heat flow on the c oil fluid side |
62 | dQs = hc dA ( ta - ti ) |
Air sensible heat |
63 | Q = U A lmtd | Duty from UA LMTD method |
64 | Lmtd = (dti - dto) / Ln( dti / dto ) |
Log mean temperature difference |
65 | Q = e Qmax |
Effectiveness method |
66 | e = (1 - exp(- Ntu (1- Cr)) / (1 - Cr exp(- Ntu (1-Cr)) |
Counter-flow effectiveness |
67 | Cr = Cmin / Cmax |
Capacity ratio |
68 | Ntu = U A / Cmin |
Number of transfer units |
Steam Formulae | ||
69 | λ = 2164 kJ/kgK | Latent heat of vaporization at 2 bar gauge pressure |
70 | λ = 333.6 kJ/kg | Latent heat of freezing |
Fluid Flow in Pipes Formulae | ||
71 | dPfriction = ½ ρ ƒ L V2
/ Dh |
D'Arcy Weisbach friction equation |
72 | 1/√ƒ = -2 Log [ ε / (3.7 Dh) + 2.51 / (Re √ƒ) ] |
Colebrook friction factor |
73 | Dh = 4 A / P |
Hydraulic diameter |
Duct Design Calculation Formulae | ||
74 | P + ½ ρ V2 + ρ g H = constant |
Bernoulli equation |
75 | P1 + ½ ρ V2 + r g H1 = P1 + ½ ρ V2 + ρ g H1 + Ploss |
Modified Bernoulli |
76 | dP = ½ ρ Vd2 [ 0.4 ( 1 - Vd/Vu)2 ] |
Branch straight through dp |
77 | Def = 1.3 (ab)0.625 / (a+b)0.25 |
Effective diameter of rectangular duct |
78 | dP = ½ ρ V2 [ (A1/A2)2 - 1 ] |
dP for ideal flow through a nozzle |
79 | dP = ½ ρ V2 [ 1 - (A1/A2) ]2 |
dP for sudden enlargement |
81 | Re ≈ 67 V Dh |
standard air with V (m/s)
and Dh (mm) |
Fan Laws | |||||
82 | Law 1 | ρ = const | Q ~ ω | SP ~ ω2 |
Pw ~ ω3 |
83 | Law 2 | ω = c onst | Q = const | SP ~ ρ | Pw ~
ρ |
84 | Law 3 | ω ~ 1/√ρ | Q ~ 1/√ρ | SP = const | Pw ~ 1/√ρ |
Hospitals,
prisons, theaters, supermarkets, schools, hotels, restaurants, dwellings |
• Refrigerant charge must
not
exceed 1.5 kg per sealed
system
• Refrigerant charge must
not
exceed 5.0 kg in special
machinery rooms for indirect systems
|
Offices,
small shops,
small restaurants,
places for generalmanufacturing and where people work |
• Refrigerant charge must
not
exceed 2.5 kg per sealed
system
• Refrigerant charge must
not exceed 10.0 kg in special machinery rooms for indirect
systems
|
Industrial,
cold stores, dairies, abattoirs, non public areas of supermarkets |
• Refrigerant charge must not
exceed 10.0 kg in humanly occupied spaces • Refrigerant charge must not exceed 25.0 kg for systems with high pressure side in special machinery rooms • No restrictions are placed on the charge size if all parts of the system containing refrigerant are in a special machinery room or in open air |